How untying knots promotes cancer

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Protein elF4E can promote cancer by activating another protein, 4A, to untangle knots in mRNA allowing gene translation to proceed. The discovery resolves a 35-year old mystery.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/most_popular/~3/3DDDAiMad2Y/130820161303.htm

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Thalmic Labs' MYO Wristband Aimed at Disrupting Wearable Tech

If you haven?t already heard about wearable technology, it won't be long before you do. Devices like Google Glass and Jawbone are already nearly household names, but soon, a new gesture control armband, called MYO, will be in the ranks of recognizable wearable tech brands.

Stephen Lake founded Thalmic Labs, the maker of MYO, in 2012 along with University of Waterloo (Canada) classmates Matthew Bailey and Aaron Grant. The company's MYO wristband is seeking to change the way wearable technology affects daily life by allowing users to control other digital technologies using gestures. The company has already sold 10,000 MYO armbands despite the fact that the product is not scheduled to be released until the fall or early 2014.?

"The real motivation behind starting Thalmic Labs was applying what we learned in the mechatronics engineering program to something that could change the face of computing," said Lake, who was named one of Canada's Top 20 Under 20 and one of The Next 36 entrepreneurial leaders of Canada in 2011. "All three of us love tackling challenges problems with big impacts, and this was a chance to do it."

Lake talked with BusinessNewsDaily about the challenges of building a completely new technology and a business around that technology.

BusinessNewsDaily: What did you want to be when you grew up?

Stephen Lake:?I've been building things from a very young age and knew I would go into engineering. My kindergarten report card said I was a budding engineer in the comments section. I think it was because I would take apart and rebuild toys, and possibly parts of the classroom. It went from LEGO when I was a kid, to building go-carts in my parents' garage, to building robots from old electronics. I love to get my hands dirty and dig in on a project. MYO is the latest addition to years and years of building cool things.

[How Wearable Tech Is Enhancing Our Lives (And Careers)]

BND: What did your parents do for a living?

SL: My mom has been a self-employed photographer for over 20 years. Not surprisingly, I have quite a few pictures of myself from when I was growing up. My dad sells photographic equipment, and recently also started his own business.

BND: Can you talk a little about your businesses and how you got your start?

SL: Thalmic Labs was established after two classmates, Matthew Bailey and Aaron Grant, and I came up with the idea behind MYO. We all believe that we are moving towards a new era of computers, where the lines between man and machine are becoming more blurred. Building on work in the area of wearable technology that Matthew and I had done previously, the idea for MYO was born out of a fundamental question: How do we connect the real and the digital worlds as we move towards wearable and ubiquitous computing?

BND: What's the best part of owning your own business?

SL: For me, the ability to create the vision for the company and make decisions that lead to the fulfillment of that vision are the best parts of starting my own company. Together with Matthew and Aaron, the three of us are leading the Thalmic Labs?team to change the future of wearable technology. We also get to wake up every day and work on some of the coolest technology we can imagine, alongside an amazing team of people. There really isn't anything else we'd rather be doing.

BND: What's the biggest mistake you've made as an entrepreneur?

SL: In a past venture, one of the biggest lessons for me was the importance of getting the right team in place before trying to go anywhere. Jim Collins hit the nail on the head when he wrote, "Start by getting the right people on the bus, the wrong people off the bus, and the right people in the right seats." Something that we've been very fortunate for at Thalmic is that we've been able to recruit amazing people to join our team.

BND: What was your main motivation in starting this business?

SL: With the advances that we're constantly seeing in the technology field, we know it's only a matter of time before the products that we're using today become obsolete. We want to connect the real and digital worlds in an effortless and natural way.

BND: What previous experiences helped you in that journey?

SL: Between the three founders, our collective experience in hardware, mechanical design, machine intelligence, pattern recognition, and software and firmware have helped us get to this point on the technology side. On the business and leadership side, we've had wide varieties of experiences working on and leading teams in areas from engineering to athletics. I think it's this wide spectrum of experience that helps now ? we know enough about each area to at least know the right questions to ask and where to ask for help from those who know more.

BND: What was the biggest challenge you encountered and how did you overcome it?

SL: We faced ? and continue to face ? all the same challenges entrepreneurs in technology companies face every day: developing the technology, funding development, finding a market fit, recruiting talent, and so on. Since we're a hardware company, there are a few extra challenges we have to deal with on both the engineering and business levels ? supply chain, quality control, distribution, and financing all this. One big challenge we faced was a technical one? existing sensor technology that picks up muscle activity signals wasn't suitable for our application, so we spent over a year developing our own brand new sensor. The work has paid off: now we have a sensor that works in our demanding application, and we've generated valuable intellectual property and patents along the way.

BND: What is the best bit of advice you have for other entrepreneurs?

SL: Go out and tackle a challenge that you're especially passionate about, and/or that you have some competitive advantage in solving. ?When the days and nights get long and things get tough, you'll need this passion to pull you through. Building a company in an area that solely seems "hot" or financially attractive, but one in which you have no specific experience or interest, is often a losing endeavor.

Originally published?on?BusinessNewsDaily.

Copyright 2013 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/thalmic-labs-myo-wristband-aimed-disrupting-wearable-tech-104427367.html

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Sniffing Out New Strategies in the Fight Against Alzheimer s Disease

The newest chemical under investigation for managing Alzheimer?s disease (AD) is actually not new at all. Insulin, the therapeutic hormone all-too familiar to individuals with diabetes, has been around for decades. In fact December will mark 90 years since its discoverers earned the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the extraction of insulin for clinical use. Yet to say that insulin has been under our noses all these years wouldn?t exactly be correct. Because if it had been under our noses, we might have sensed its neurologic benefits sooner. The latest insulin therapy is not delivered via injection like its diabetes-treating counterparts, nor does it come in the form of a pill or a patch like the cholinesterase inhibitors often prescribed to patients with AD. Instead this novel therapeutic enters the body through the nose?the only entry point that gives insulin a chance of reaching the brain. A large peptide molecule, insulin from the blood cannot float easily into the brain because the blood brain barrier (BBB), a sort of neuroprotective moat, prevents its transport. Fortified by cellular guards called tight junctions, the BBB rejects many pharmacologic hopefuls, allowing entrance only to certain types of substances. Namely small or lipophilic molecules can be administered orally (or via injection, or through the skin) and as long as the relevant chemicals end up in the blood stream, they can casually saunter across the BBB and act on the brain. Large and cumbersome, insulin does not have this luxury and must therefore take a more creative route across the moat. The nose, conspicuous and sometimes even goofy, provides that creative route. ?Yet it?s a route that, for many years, researchers were hesitant to take. ?They would say things like, ?Well, why would there be a blood brain barrier if all you had to do was put something in the nose and it would go to the brain??? says William H. Frey II, Ph.D., Research Director at HealthPartners Center for Memory & Aging. As of 1989 Frey had been ?in the Alzheimer?s deal? for over a decade. At that time he was conducting clinical trials of a neurotrophic factor (a therapeutic protein) to treat AD and, because of the seeming insurmountability of the BBB, the work had been less than fruitful. ?It became clear to me that, once again, this neurotrophic factor was not getting effectively into the brain,? he says. So Frey decided to sleep on it. ?I went to sleep and I had a dream. And this is how I discovered the intranasal method of getting around the blood brain barrier,? he says. ?It had been known since the early 1900s that a number of different viruses that got into the nose would travel up the olfactory nerves and the trigeminal nerves?both of these are nerves that go directly from the nasal mucosa right into the brain. The idea that came to me in this dream in 1989 was: if bad things can do it, why can't good things do it?? When Frey revisited the idea upon waking, it registered as simultaneously intuitive and absurd?a logical fantasy like so many dreams. Despite pushback from his colleagues (?Pretty much people thought that I was crazy,? he says), Frey decided to pursue the development of an intranasal (IN) system to deliver drugs to the brain. ?Awake as ever, his first step was to obtain a patent for his new technique. Here he would meet the first of many hurdles?barriers?in bringing his dream to fruition. ?The patent office said that they didn't believe that it would work, that I couldn?t patent it because it didn?t makes sense,? Frey says. Yet Frey and others continued experimenting with IN delivery (mostly in rodents), and showed that drugs administered in this fashion reliably reached the central nervous system. ?By the time four years had gone by, there were so many published papers showing that this did work, the patent office said, ?Well, we won't give you the patent, because it's obvious that this would work,? Frey says. ?In 1997, however, the patent office landed somewhere between ?nonsense? and ?obvious? and Frey?s request was granted.
The newest intranasal delivery devices differ from conventional sprays (such as those used for allergies) in that they are designed to specifically target the upper portion of the nasal cavity. For example the ?Precision Olfactory Device? in this picture projects aerosolized drugs towards nerve fibers at the top of the nose, allowing more efficient transport across the blood brain barrier.
Image: Courtesy of Impel NeuroPharma Technically the patent covered any drug or therapeutic protein delivered to the brain via the nose. Working at an Alzheimer?s research center, however, Frey had a special interest in AD and had reason to focus on insulin as a pharmacologic candidate. Like other cells, neurons need insulin in order to absorb glucose and obtain energy; and research had shown deficits in glucose uptake and utilization in the brains of patients with AD. Thus, investigators had suspected a connection between insulin and AD for some time, but prior to the emergence of IN therapy this association was clinically moot. Frey?s invention did not lead to the widespread therapeutic use of IN insulin that he might have hoped for. Researchers continued experimenting with the drug, but they did not have sufficient funding for the type of large-scale clinical trials that would bring it to market. The pharmaceutical industry hadn?t entirely ignored the IN method: biotech firm Chiron bought the patent almost immediately after it went public in 1997. But when Chiron changed leadership and decided to go into the business of flu vaccines, the patent was relegated to nothing more than impotent intellectual property. Eventually Chiron was bought by Novartis pharmaceuticals, ?but they had a strict policy: they don?t develop generic drugs,? says Frey, ?so they didn?t do anything with it.? Frey came to realize that pharmaceutical companies generally were not inclined to pour money into clinical trials for a drug they didn?t own. The quality that made IN delivery so exciting?a new way to use old drugs?also made it unattractive from a business perspective. And though Novartis? ownership would not preclude government-funded development of IN, reviewers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) were hesitant to explore novel technology and remained narrowly focused on attempts to improve cholinesterase inhibitors. ??Even though I had the patent, even though all these papers had come out?the NIH basically wouldn't fund anything on intranasal,? says Frey. ?They didn't believe in intranasal.? Of course, with time and proper inspiration nonbelievers can be converted. In May 2012 the NIH and the Obama administration announced the allocation of $7.9 million specifically for clinical trials of IN insulin. The NIH?s amended stance on the drug comes as part of an ambitious national initiative to effectively prevent and treat AD by 2025?a goal that, Frey speculates, puts pressure on the government to seek new avenues of research. ?Jeez, we spent all this money for 35 years and what have we got to show for it? Nothing?? Frey mocks gently. ?Let's look around and see if anything's working?Oh! What's this? Intranasal insulin?? The funding also follows an enhanced understanding of how insulin may mediate disease progression: The hormone seems to interact with amyloid-? (A?), the peptide comprising toxic amyloid plaques characteristic of AD. ?Studies suggest that insulin protects against A??s neurodegenerative effects and that A? interferes with normal insulin signaling. ?Confirming this relationship are promising therapeutic results from a team of researchers led by neuropsychologist Suzanne Craft of Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center. In a 2011 study Craft?and her colleagues demonstrated improved memory and cognition among individuals with AD or amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) after IN insulin treatment. In this trial, insulin therapy was also associated with reduced loss of glucose uptake and utilization in brain areas linked to disease. Funded by the new NIH resources, Craft, along with the Alzheimer?s Disease Cooperative Study, a national research consortium, is now planning phase II and III clinical trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the medication. Quaintly titled ?SNIFF,? or Study of Nasal Insulin to Fight Forgetfulness, Craft?s investigation will examine the cognitive effects of IN insulin versus placebo in 240 participants with either AD or MCI.? In addition to tests of memory, researchers will measure biological correlates of disease such as neural atrophy and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. If the trials go well IN insulin could be available to patients are early as 2017?perhaps sooner if a pharmaceutical company jumps on board to expedite the process. Frey is excited about this prospect, but cautious not to oversell the drug. ?I'm not claiming that intranasal insulin is going to solve the entire problem of the disease or that it's going to cure everyone who has the disease or help everybody or anything,? he clarifies. ?I'm only saying, let's not be stupid. Let?s stop just looking at one thing. Here?s something that seems to help.? Let's develop this and see what good [it] can do for people.? Follow Scientific American on Twitter @SciAm and @SciamBlogs. Visit ScientificAmerican.com for the latest in science, health and technology news.
? 2013 ScientificAmerican.com. All rights reserved.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/sniffing-strategies-fight-against-alzheimer-disease-113000757.html

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British paper details confrontation with UK spies

LONDON (AP) ? A British newspaper has released new details of its confrontation with the country's intelligence service, saying it destroyed hard drives containing material leaked by Edward Snowden in order to protect the former American intelligence worker.

The Guardian says officials feared the material held at the newspaper's London office could be compromised by foreign intelligence and that by mid-July the paper felt it was facing legal action or even a police raid.

It was then that the paper decided to destroy the material, editor Alan Rusbridger said Tuesday, explaining that the move was aimed at protecting Snowden from prosecution. He said copies of the material existed elsewhere.

The revelations come as British officials defend their decision to detain the partner of a Guardian journalist involved in the reporting on Snowden's leaks.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/british-paper-details-confrontation-uk-spies-185902649.html

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SmartThings Launches An Online And Mobile Shop For 'Internet Of ...

SmartThings, the startup that?s all about providing a platform for managing the growing number of devices that are connected to the Internet, is looking for new ways to get customers deploying its own Internet-of-Things devices, as well as those of its partners. To do that, it?s launching an online marketplace where users can buy starter kits, as well as various individual devices and solution sets to manage different part of their homes.

The company launched its first products as part of a Kickstarter campaign last September, offering up a starter kit that included a SmartThings hub and a variety of different sensors to keep track of movement and control devices in the home. The idea was to enable users to use their smartphones to enable various levels of home automation.

While it started with just a couple of devices of its own, SmartThings has always wanted to provide more of a platform for developers to build their own devices and applications. And so in the spring it opened up its platform to third-party developers, enabling them to take advantage of its developer toolkit to connect a growing number of Internet of Things devices.

There?s just one problem ? even though SmartThings has done a good job of getting developers on board, finding compatible hardware could be a frustrating process. That?s because there?s no one place to find Internet of Things devices that leverage SmartThings technology? at least until now.

To provide a more accessible place to find SmartThings things, the company is rolling out an online shop that will at first feature a curated selection of goods to help consumers get up and running. At the center of the initiative are a couple of starter kits that include a SmartThings hub, which is necessary to power all the other associated gadgets.

Once consumers have the hub, they can begin adding individual devices from the store, including those made by SmartThings as well as those made by other manufacturers such as GE, Schlage, Kwikset, and Aeon but compatible with the SmartThings platform.

The Shop will also have a variety of so-called ?Solution Sets? which seek to solve common problems by combining two or more sets of SmartThings devices. That includes stuff like automatically locking and unlocking doors, detecting leaks and floods, and turning appliances on or off remotely with a phone.

While curated at launch, the company hopes to make the Shop a more open experience in the future, enabling third-part developers and manufacturers to sell their own goods on the platform. Customers will be able to make purchases online through the SmartThings website, as well as through the company?s existing iOS app. A version of the Android app with the store included will also soon become available.

SmartThings has raised $3 million in seed funding led by First Round Capital, with contributions from SV Angel, Lerer Ventures, CrunchFund*, Max Levchin, Yuri Milner?s Start Fund, David Tisch, A-Grade Investments, Chris Dixon, Vivi Nevo, Alexis Ohanian, Loic Le Meur, Martin Varsavsky, Kal Vepuri, Ryan Sarver, Jared Hecht, Steve Martocci, Emil Michael, Aaron Levie, Zorik Gordon, and Nathan Hanks.

==
* CrunchFund was founded by Mike Arrington, who founded TechCrunch.

SmartThings is changing the face of home automation, making it easy to connect the things in the physical world to the Internet. The cloud-based software platform allows users to install apps into their lives that make the world smarter, more reactive and more enjoyable. SmartThings is building an open platform and embracing the developer and maker communities in a way that will significantly expand the range of applications and devices that will become smart.

? Learn more

Source: http://techcrunch.com/2013/08/21/smartthings-shop/

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Maldivian creativity: an undervalued art form? | Minivan News

A man lies sound asleep in his home, unaware of a shadowy figure approaching him.

Suddenly awakened by the intruder, the man?s shock and fear quickly turns to confusion as he is asked to assist in stealing his own television set, which the robber explains requires too much effort to take on his own.

This unconventional robbery is one of thirteen sketches included in a web-show produced by a Maldivian group known as ?Space Parade?, who since 2008, have been producing satirical, and at times surreal, sketches and parodies of local life ? mainly as a reaction to a perceived lack of creativity in mainstream media.

The latest video by the group ? viewed thousands of times on YouTube -??lampoons egotistical newsreaders, the ubiquitous role of social media among Maldivians, as well as the perils of confusing real life with the overtly romanticised, Bollywood-inspired world of Dhivehi cinema.

Sitting down to discuss their work this week, Space Parade ? a group of friends/film-makers including Ahmed Iyash, Ahmed Karam and Mohamed Hursheed ? explained that their sketches are most definitely apolitical.

An apolitical reaction

Other emerging Islamic democracies like Egypt have garnered worldwide attention in recent months for the role art and comedy is playing during difficult political transitions, notably through high-profile figures such as doctor turned satirist Bassem Youssef .

Yet to Karam, Space Parade?s comedy is a reaction to a dearth of locally produced entertainment and a wider failure to cultivate and maximise the creativeness of Maldivians.

?There is a fine line with satire. Everyone everywhere is making fun of politics in this country. Politics is a joke already here,? the group?s founder Karam added, albeit one he accepted carries potentially serious consequences for the nation in an election year. ?There are already sketch shows here about politics. But so many things here are politicised ? people just need a break.?

With Karam first producing sketches as entertainment for family and friends dating back to a circumcision party back in 2008 ? the same year of the country?s first multi-party democratic election ? Space Parade has taken inspiration in something much more prosaic than political turmoil.

?We?re really bored,? explained Hursheed, who describes himself as working mostly behind the camera on editing and adding visual effects to Space Parade?s video. ??We have all these ideas to do things, so we do it for the enjoyment. ?There was nothing good on TV, so we thought we can try and do better.?

Partly inspired by popular shows broadcast in the Maldives during the 1980?s and 1990?s such as ?Bahabaru? and ?Floak the International?, Space Parade argue that in the intervening 20 years, there has been very little comedy television of any comparable quality.

According to the group, in contrast to the internet, the country?s ?restrictive? broadcast regulations have severely limited what can be shown on local TV, which increasingly has to compete with content made available through the internet and cable channels.

Co-founder Ahmed Iyash said that while the Maldives had many people people with good ideas for movies, sketches, and shows, few were presently capable or knew where to go to get funding for their work. ?He said that a lack of foundations, grants, or arts institutions was a major factor stifling creativity in local artists.

Stepping on toes

Having targeted certain tropes and idiosyncrasies of local film and culture for their comedy in an attempt to ?step on toes? and send a message to the country?s film-makers of the need to try and push boundaries, Space Parade contends that some of their efforts had not been well received by local artists and film makers.

?Often people are expecting crap here and not a lot is happening to change this,? contended Hursheed. ?We would look to try and raise the bar, though we have our doubts if we are doing this.?

Hursheed suggested that some local artists appeared reluctant to put in the effort to try and create new forms of art.

?As long as [a film] makes a women cry, you will make money here. Even if the film is horrible,? he said of the local film industry.

Amidst the challenges facing young artists, Space Parade took the example of one director who took such objection to a review published in local newspaper Haveeru that he sought legal action against the publication.

By comparison, the group said there were a limited number of pioneering local directors such as Moomin Fuad, whose work is regarded as trying to cover social issues, rather than tried and tested formats such as ex-girlfriends or mother-in-laws turning into monsters ? a popular staple of local film.

However, despite efforts to try and be more socially relevant, the group said Moomin?s films were not thought to have been commercial successes, leading him to attract more of a cult following among Maldives cinema-goers.

Despite the group having taken on some limited commercial production work using their self-taught film production and editing skills, Space Parade maintain that their key aim in making videos ? beyond ?goofing around? and enjoying themselves ? was trying to inspire other Maldivians to produce their own content online.

?The idea is to show that you don?t need professional equipment. ?That you can use just an i-pad or camera phone. ?We were hoping people would be inspired to show their own talents online,? said Karam.

?This hasn?t really happened,? he added, stressing that Maldivians still predominantly used video sharing sites to upload music videos of professional artists, or to capture political developments or scandals across the country.

The Maldives ?art scene?

Outside of video sharing and the emerging opportunity for expression online and on social media,?Ahmed Naeem, Exhibition and Projects Officer for the National Centre for the Arts, accused successive governments of failing to help nurture artists over the last three decades.

A National Art Gallery Exhibition in December 2011

Naeem said it was notable that the country did not have buyers or collectors to help drive commercial interest in the local art scene, which he contended had in turn limited encouraging more creative forms of expression nationally.

?The top levels of society should be more concerned about this,? he added.

Naeem stressed that although Maldivian artists, whether painters, writers, or film-makers, had to show ?more initiative? in pushing their work into the public sphere, he argued that the state, the educational curriculum, and wider society needed to develop a greater awareness and appreciation for its own art.

?In other countries such as Europe and Asia, there are special arts colleges and institutions. There are no universities [here] providing arts-based subjects,? he said.

Naeem added that he had attempted in recent years to contact universities in the country about holding visual arts programs, a suggestion that he claimed was rejected on the basis having no purpose for students and society.

?There need to be degrees in art. This will serve a good purpose for the country,? he added.

Naeem said that while he believed Maldivians were creative as a people, there continued to be an overall a lack of public awareness and appreciation of art, something he contended was reflected in a growing number of people turning away from earning a living through music, writing, or other forms of expression.

A contemporary art exhibition in Male' last October

?People are going away from art here. I think they find it too hard for survival. Certainly compared to when we grew up, people are having to pay much more for less space to live their lives,? he said.

Naeem pointed to limited activity at the National Art Gallery in Male?, where he presently serves as curator, as an example of the challenges facing local artists.

?At present, the gallery is just a name, a space for various activities,? he said. ?I want it to be a gallery with permanent exhibitions, a place where tourists can come and purchase artwork, with shops selling crafts and fine art produced by local people.?

Public perception

Ahmed Suveyb, president and founding member of local NGO the United Artists of Maldives (UAM), argued that Maldivian art was visible in all aspects of daily life, yet he questioned whether the public were able to perceive or value such works.

?I take pictures everywhere I go and I see art being used by politicians and businessmen,? he said.

Suveyb suggested that Maldivian artists, and therefore their work, continued to be open to a form of ?abuse? by these same powerful figures as a result of almost 30 years of failure to emphasise the importance of the country?s heritage and culture.

With the country?s rapid economic development following the advent of its tourism 40 years ago, Suveyb argued that traditional island life and culture had changed immeasurably, sometimes resulting in time-old cultural practices being neglected and even disappearing.

Where once the country was reliant on learning traditional skills such as producing thatched roofs from palm leaf, or being provided with paints and craft equipment, he argued that an increasing lack of space and the growing availability of technology like smart phones, had limited opportunities for people to engage with each other and be creative.

With such rapid societal changes, Suveyb alleged that art had overtime been neglected not only by society, but by local authorities, which continued to mantain that there was limited funds to concentrate on projects and grants in the face of more traditional development projects.

?The problem really is that we don?t understand what art is,? he concluded.

Source: http://minivannews.com/society/maldivian-creativity-an-undervalued-art-form-62804

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Bacterial toxins cause deadly heart disease: Superantigens produced by staph bacteria are required for deadly effects of infective endocarditis and sepsis

[unable to retrieve full-text content]Researchers have discovered what causes the lethal effects of staphylococcal infective endocarditis -- a serious bacterial infection of heart valves that kills approximately 20,000 Americans each year.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/health_medicine/heart_disease/~3/iz9XrcA0oi4/130820083755.htm

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